Global Analysis of Cytosine Methylation and Proteome Under Cold Treatment in Brassica napus

Cytosine methylation/demethylation plays pivotal roles in regulating gene expression at a genome-wide level. However, limited reports are available to reveal correlating changes of cytosine methylation and proteomic expression in Brassica napus so far. Therefore, in the present study, global cytosine methylation and proteome were analysed in B. napus after cold treatment by methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism （MSAP） and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis technology （2-DE）. The results showed that the lowered genome-wide DNA methylation status was revealed after cold treatment, and about 0.88% of discrepancy in DNA methylation was detected between the non-flowering and flowering plants after cold treatment. Moreover, the 52 significantly up-regulated proteins emerged in comparison with the 36 down-regulated proteins, as well as the 14 proteins exclusively detected in the flowering plants. Intriguingly the 8 specifically expressed proteins in the non-flowering plants disappeared in the flowering plants with cold treatment. Therefore, these present data proved that the correlating changes of cytosine methylation and proteomic expression were evidenced under cold treatment in B. napus.     

Transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H+epsps Rice with Insect and Herbicide Resistance Acted No Adverse Impacts on the Population Growth of a Non-Target Herbivore,the White-Backed Planthopper,Under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Numerous Bt rice lines expressing Cry protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) have been developed since 1989. However, the potential risks posed by Bt rice on non-target organisms still remain debate. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is one of the most economically important insect pests of rice in Asian countries and also one of the main non-target herbivores of transgenic rice. In the current study, impacts of transgenic cry1Ab/vip3H+epsps rice (G6H1) with both insect and herbicide resistance on WBPH were evaluated to ascertain whether this transgenic rice line had potential risks for this sap-sucking pest under laboratory and field conditions. The laboratory results showed that no significant difference in egg developmental duration, nymphal survival rate and female fecundity was found for WBPH between G6H1 and its non-transgenic isoline (XS110). However, the development duration of nymphs was significantly shorter and female longevity significantly longer when WBPH fed on G6H1 by comparison with those on its control. To verify the results found in laboratory, a 3-yr field trial was conducted to monitor WBPH population using both the vacuum-suction machine and beat plate methods. Although the seasonal density of WBPH nymphs and total density of nymphs and adults were not significantly affected by transgenic rice regardless of the sampling methods, the seasonal density of WBPH adults in transgenic rice plots was slightly lower than that in the control when using the vacuum-suction machine. Based on these results both from laboratory and field, it is clear that our tested transgenic rice line will not lead higher population of WBPH. However, long-term field experiments to monitor the population dynamics of WPBH at large scale need to be conducted to confirm the present conclusions in future.     

苜蓿总黄酮对妊娠雌鼠繁殖性能及相关基因表达量的影响

为了研究苜蓿总黄酮对动物妊娠期间繁殖性能、繁殖器官、激素水平及下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴相关基因表达量的影响,本实验以雌性大鼠为模式动物,分为5个试验组:3个苜蓿总黄酮剂量组(120,400,1200 mg/kg)和2个对照组(己烯雌酚0.5 mg/kg、空白对照组),结果显示,苜蓿总黄酮中、高剂量组雌二醇(E2)显著升高(P<0.05),低剂量组E2极显著升高(P<0.01)。各试验组的血清中孕酮(P)含量不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。苜蓿总黄酮3个剂量组的活胎数均显著提高(P<0.05),高剂量组的胎仔重极显著增重(P<0.01),而苜蓿总黄酮各剂量组的黄体数差异不显著,但存在随着剂量的增加而降低的趋势,己烯雌酚的黄体数与空白对照组相比显著减少(P<0.05)。苜蓿总黄酮3个剂量组的产仔数均显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),而初生窝重则极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。苜蓿总黄酮和己烯雌酚均显著降低下丘脑中GnRH的表达量(P<0.01),同时垂体的FSH表达量显著降低(P<0.01),卵巢中苜蓿总黄酮高剂量组的FSHR表达量显著降低(P<0.05),LHR表达量显著升高(P<0.05),其他基因表达量与空白对照相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。从以上可以看出, 苜蓿总黄酮通过影响下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴,改善了妊娠期间雌鼠的繁殖性能,提高了产仔数和初生窝重。     

双岛湾人工鱼礁区表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及污染评价

根据2012年3月、5月、8月、11月表层沉积物调查资料,分析了双岛湾附近人工鱼礁区表层沉积物重金属的分布特征,采用潜在生态风险评价法对重金属的生态危害进行了评价。结果表明:(1)研究海域表层沉积物中重金属含量较低,全部测站Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As的含量符合《海洋沉积物质量》(GB 18668-2002)Ⅰ类标准;(2)表层沉积物中重金属的分布较为规律,除Hg含量站间差异不明显外,鱼礁区内站点的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As重金属含量低于周边海域;(3)表层沉积物中重金属含量的月际变化比较明显,以8月最高、3月最低;(4)双岛湾附近海域重金属污染程度为低级,且总体潜在生态危害属轻微水平。     

豆油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、非特异性免疫和抗病力的影响

以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源配制5组等氮等能的实验饲料, 分别为全鱼油(F1)、25%(F2)、50%(F3)和75%(F4)豆油替代组和全豆油组(F5), 每组4个重复, 投喂初始体质量为(0.27±0.03) g的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹6周, 评价豆油替代鱼油的饲料对幼蟹生长、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。结果发现, 各组幼蟹的存活率差异不显著(P>0.05); F4组幼蟹的增重率和特定生长率显著高于F1组(P<0.05), 但与其他各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。F4组幼蟹的血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05), F5组最低。幼蟹的血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性以F4组最高, 显著高于F3组(P<0.05), F3和F4组均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05), 其他F1、F2和F5三组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。F1组幼蟹的血清丙二醛含量最高(P<0.05), 其余各组之间则差异不显著(P>0.05); F4组幼蟹的血清酚氧化酶活性最高, 而F5组最低(P<0.05); 各组幼蟹的溶菌酶差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验结束后, 采用嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)攻毒10 d, 发现F5组幼蟹最早出现死亡, 且该组幼蟹的累积死亡率显著高于F1和F4组(P<0.05)。结果提示, 采用豆油完全替代饲料中的鱼油对幼蟹的生长影响不显著, 但会降低其抵抗感染疾病的能力; 用75%豆油替代鱼油可在明显提高幼蟹免疫机能和抗病力的情况下获得良好的生长性能。

     

CPUE标准化方法与模型选择的回顾与展望

 单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort, 简称CPUE)常被假设与渔业资源量成正比关系而广泛应用于渔业资源评估与管理中, 但大量研究表明, CPUE与资源量间的正比关系常因受众多因素的影响而难以成立。为能有效利用CPUE数据, 渔业工作者常使用各种统计模型对CPUE进行标准化, 以重新构建该正比关系。因此, 在渔业资源评估与管理中, CPUE标准化是一项极为重要的基础性工作。本文对CPUE标准化的基本概念、构建过程、统计模型和模型选择方法进行了全面回顾, 并强调了模型选择的不确定性, 介绍了基于模型平均的多模型推断方法。同时, 对CPUE标准化所面临的问题及处理方法进行介绍与讨论, 对其未来研究工作进行展望, 以期为CPUE标准化研究提供理论参考。

     

凤仙花植株乙醇浸提液和固体粉剂对瘤胃体外发酵代谢参数的影响

本研究旨在分析凤仙花整株制备的固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液对瘤胃体外代谢参数和降甲烷效果的影响。采集装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的牛瘤胃液,以稻草粉、玉米粉和黄豆粉为人工饲料,通过体外瘤胃模拟培养法,研究了固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液不同添加量(0.5%,1.0%和2.5%)对甲烷和二氧化碳气体产生以及瘤胃发酵代谢参数挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和微生物蛋白(MCP)等影响。结果表明,凤仙花固体粉剂处理在瘤胃发酵中总产气量最高,其次为乙醇浸提液,莫能菌素处理最低(P＜0.05)。凤仙花和莫能菌素处理均能降低甲烷生成,其中固体粉剂处理效果最明显,仅有微量甲烷。莫能菌素处理中二氧化碳含量最低,凤仙花所有处理显著提高二氧化碳含量。莫能菌素和凤仙花降低氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量,随着凤仙花添加量增加,NH₃-N降低更明显。莫能菌素处理中MCP含量最低,凤仙花所有处理都高于莫能菌素和对照,固体粉剂处理的MCP提高效果最明显。莫能菌素处理降低乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量,提高丙酸含量。凤仙花处理不同程度提高瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量,总挥发性脂肪酸平均比对照高12.9%和20.2%。莫能菌素和凤仙花处理都降低乙酸/丙酸。在体外培养条件下,凤仙花明显降低甲烷生成,促进NH₃-N向MCP转化,改变了瘤胃代谢模式。     

耕地细碎化条件的机械化特征 ——小型收割机的田间作业行为调查

南方丘陵山地农业具有耕地细碎化的典型特征,土地细碎化条件下的紧凑型种植模式是普遍现象,细碎化耕地条件的机械化依靠小型作业机械。为描述作业机械在细碎化耕地条件下的行为特征,田间调查发现,快速进退、频繁转向、循边收获、移动困难等是细碎化耕地条件机械化田间作业的显著特点。小型收割机在南方的普遍应用状况表明丘陵山地作业机械的性能评价需要以土地适应性为主导的评价指标。     

双孢蘑菇SSR分子标记开发及其在遗传多样性分析中的应用

采用Primer 5.0软件设计引物,共设计有效扩增SSR引物112对,经筛选,其中97对在39份双孢蘑菇基因组中扩增出明显差异条带,25对在As2796单孢分离子代群体中表现出多态性,19对引物在单孢分离子代中遵循孟德尔自由分离定律。进一步研究表明共检测到67个等位基因,平均每个位点2.68个,平均Neis基因多样性指数为0.502 3。8份双孢蘑菇品种的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.336 3～0.864 1,平均值为0.538 5;基于Nei-s 遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类分析,在遗传距离0.46处,8个双孢蘑菇品种（系）分为2个类群,亲缘关系的远近与其种质来源有一定的相关性。这些潜在的多态性SSR 的开发为双孢蘑菇遗传多样性分析、图谱构建提供了更丰富的候选分子标记基础,为进一步进行双孢蘑菇新品种的选育和种质资源的分析评价及管理提供了遗传依据。     

不同剂量链脲佐菌素及不同性别大鼠糖性白内障模型的比较研究

本试验旨在研究不同剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozocin,STZ)及不同性别在建立大鼠糖性白内障模型方面的差异。将65、70和75 mg/kg 3个浓度STZ通过一次性腹腔注射建立雌、雄性大鼠糖性白内障模型,36 h后尾静脉采血测血糖,3周后进行裂隙灯检查,每天测量动物饮食量及排粪尿量变化,每周测定体重。试验结果显示,70 mg/kg STZ比65 mg/kg STZ糖性白内障发生时间缩短约1周,且比75 mg/kg STZ死亡率低。同浓度STZ腹腔注射后雌性大鼠糖尿病发生时间为72 h,雄性大鼠为36 h,白内障发生时间雌性比雄性大鼠慢约1周。试验结果表明,腹腔注射70 mg/kg STZ在糖性白内障模型建立所需时间及模型稳定性等方面具有优势,雄性大鼠较雌性更易于建立糖性白内障模型。